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1. Apr 16, 2021 Ask Brian is a weekly column by Real Estate Expert Brian Kline. If you have questions on real estate investing, DIY, home buying/selling, or other housing inquiries please email your questions to.
2. Lighting Bulbs According to Reflector: (1) R (Reflector) Type Bulb (Code: R) “R” stands for Reflector. This light bulb contains a mirrored coating on the back of the light bulb that maximizes the direction of the light which emitted by Bulb. Traditionally, inside of R type Bulb was covered with a reflector material coating that used.

In any commercial building, retail space, school, or residence, replacing outdated lighting fixtures, and installing LED’s can considerably reduce the amount of energy that a building consumes annually. Not only are LED light bulbs more energy-efficient, but they can also save you thousands of dollars in overall maintenance and operating costs.

Out with old and in with the new!

When you are replacing old incandescent or fluorescent light bulbs with a more energy efficient LED bulb, there are a few things you should consider:

‎Lighting Bulb Manager is a native macOS CAD application specialized to examine lighting sources spectral data. With Lighting Bulb Manager you don’t need to be a specialist. Import the souirce and in few seconds you’ll be able to prepare and export a professional and complete lighting report.

Lumen: Brightness of the light bulb

The higher the lumen, the brighter the bulb! The lower the lumen, the dimmer the bulb!

Wattage: Energy use of the light bulb.

Base Shape/Size: Bulb Shape/Size: How the bulb screws into the fixture. How Do I Know Which LED Light Bulb I Need?

Color Temperature: Illumination for different ambient effects (ex. warmer toned or cooler toned).

Picking an LED Light bulb

Did you know that...

A 5 to 25 watt LED lightbulb can give off the same brightness as a 40 to 100 watt lightbulb. Traditional incandescent light bulbs waste 90% of their energy by giving off much more heat than an LED bulb.

For Example:

A 60-watt incandescent bulb may produce 800 lumens of light, while an LED equivalent would produce the same brightness with only 15 watts.

How do I determine the wattage equivalence of my lightbulb?

In order to get the maximum life out of your light fixture, you should be sure that the wattage, or power being sent to the bulb is equivalent to that of your old light bulb. To measure the equivalence, you must figure out the wattage to lumen ratio of your old lightbulb. Use this chart below to help!

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Smart lighting is a lighting technology designed for energy efficiency, convenience and security. This may include high efficiency fixtures and automated controls that make adjustments based on conditions such as occupancy or daylight availability. Lighting is the deliberate application of light to achieve some aesthetic or practical effect (e.g. illumination of a security breach). It includes task lighting, accent lighting, and general lighting.

Energy consumption[edit]

Lighting applications represents 19% of the world's energy use and 6% of all greenhouse emissions.^[1] In the United States, 65 percent of energy consumption is used by commercial and industrial sectors, and 22 percent of this is used for lighting.

Minimizing energy usage[edit]

Smart lighting enables households and users to remotely control cooling, heating, lighting and appliances, minimizing unnecessary light and energy use. This ability saves energy and provides a level of comfort and convenience. From outside the traditional lighting industry, the future success of lighting will require involvement of a number of stakeholders and stakeholder communities. The concept of smart lighting also involves utilizing natural light from the sun to reduce the use of man-made lighting, and the simple concept of people turning off lighting when they leave a room.^[2]

Convenience[edit]

A smart lighting system can ensure that dark areas are illuminated when in use. The lights actively respond to the activities of the occupants based on sensors and intelligence (logic) that anticipates the lighting needs of an occupant.

Security[edit]

Lights can be used to dissuade those from areas they should not be. A security breach, for example, is an event that could trigger floodlights at the breach point. Preventative measures include illuminating key access points (such as walkways) at night and automatically adjusting the lighting when a household is away to make it appear as though there are occupants.

Major techniques[edit]

Smart lighting control[edit]

The use of automatic light dimming is an aspect of smart lighting that serves to reduce energy consumption.^[3] Manual light dimming also has the same effect of reducing energy use.

Use of sensors[edit]

In the paper 'Energy savings due to occupancy sensors and personal controls: a pilot field study', Galasiu, A.D. and Newsham, G.R have confirmed that automatic lighting systems including occupancy sensors and individual (personal) controls are suitable for open-plan office environments and can save a significant amount of energy (about 32%) when compared to a conventional lighting system, even when the installed lighting power density of the automatic lighting system is ~50% higher than that of the conventional system.^[4]

Components[edit]

A complete sensor consists of a motion detector, an electronic control unit, and a controllable switch/relay. The detector senses motion and determines whether there are occupants in the space.^[5] It also has a timer that signals the electronic control unit after a set period of inactivity. The control unit uses this signal to activate the switch/relay to turn equipment on or off. For lighting applications, there are three main sensor types: passive infrared, ultrasonic,^[6] and hybrid.

Daylight sensing[edit]

In response to daylighting technology, daylight-linked automated response systems have been developed to further reduce energy consumption.^[5][7] These technologies are helpful, but they do have their downfalls. Many times, rapid and frequent switching of the lights on and off can occur, particularly during unstable weather conditions or when daylight levels are changing around the switching illuminance. Not only does this disturb occupants, it can also reduce lamp life. A variation of this technology is the 'differential switching' or 'dead-band' photoelectric control which has multiple illuminances it switches from to reduce occupants being disturbed.^[8][9]

Occupancy sensing[edit]

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Smart lighting that utilizes occupancy sensors can work in unison with other lighting connected to the same network to adjust lighting per various conditions.^[10] The table below shows potential electricity savings from using occupancy sensors to control lighting in various types of spaces.^[11]

Ultrasonic[edit]

The advantages of ultrasonic devices are that they are sensitive to all types of motion and generally there are zero coverage gaps, since they can detect movements not within the line of sight.^[6][11]

Others[edit]

Motion-detecting (microwave), heating-sensing (infrared), and sound-sensing; optical cameras, infrared motion, optical trip wires, door contact sensors, thermal cameras, micro radars,daylight sensors.^[12]

Smart-lighting emergency ballast for fluorescent lamps^[13][edit]

The function of a traditional emergency lighting system is the supply of a minimum illuminating level when a line voltage failure appears. Therefore, emergency lighting systems have to store energy in a battery module to supply lamps in case of failure. In this kind of lighting systems the internal damages, for example battery overcharging, damaged lamps and starting circuit failure must be detected and repaired by specialist workers.

For this reason, the smart lighting prototype can check its functional state every fourteen days and dump the result into a LED display. With these features they can test themselves checking their functional state and displaying their internal damages. Also the maintenance cost can be decreased.

Overview[edit]

The main idea is the substitution of the simple line voltage sensing block that appears in the traditional systems by a more complex one based on a microcontroller. This new circuit will assume the functions of line voltage sensing and inverter activation, by one side, and the supervision of all the system: lamp and battery state, battery charging, external communications, correct operation of the power stage, etc., by the other side.

The system has a great flexibility, for instance, it would be possible the communication of several devices with a master computer, which would know the state of each device all the time.

A new emergency lighting system based on an intelligent module has been developed. The micro-controller as a control and supervision device guarantees increase in the installation security and a maintenance cost saving.

Another important advantage is the cost saving for mass production specially whether a microcontroller with the program in ROM memory is used.

Lighting Bulb Managers

Smart lighting ecosystem[edit]

Smart lighting systems can be controlled using the internet to adjust lighting brightness and schedules.^[10] One technology involves a smart lighting network that assigns IP addresses to light bulbs.^[14]

Information transmitting with smart light[edit]

Schubert predicts that revolutionary lighting systems will provide an entirely new means of sensing and broadcasting information. By blinking far too rapidly for any human to notice, the light will pick up data from sensors and carry it from room to room, reporting such information as the location of every person within a high-security building. A major focus of the Future Chips Constellation is smart lighting, a revolutionary new field in photonics based on efficient light sources that are fully tunable in terms of such factors as spectral content, emission pattern, polarization, color temperature, and intensity. Schubert, who leads the group, says smart lighting will not only offer better, more efficient illumination; it will provide “totally new functionalities.”

Advances in photonics[edit]

The advances achieved in photonics are already transforming society just as electronics revolutionized the world in recent decades and it will continue to contribute more in the future. From the statistics, North America’s optoelectronics market grew to more than $20 billion in 2003. The LED (light-emitting diode) market is expected to reach $5 billion in 2007, and the solid-state lighting market is predicted to be $50 billion in 15–20 years, as stated by E. Fred Schubert,^[15] Wellfleet Senior Distinguished Professor of the Future Chips Constellation at Rensselaer.

Inventors[edit]

Lighting Bulb Manager Online

• Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin – carbon-rod filament incandescent lamp (1874)^[16]
• Joseph Swan – carbonized-thread filament incandescent lamp (1878)^[17]
• Thomas Edison – long-lasting incandescent lamp with high-resistance filament (1880)^[17]
• John Richardson Wigham – electric lighthouse illumination (1885)^[18]
• Nick Holonyak – light-emitting diode (1962)^[19]
• Howard Borden, Gerald Pighini, Mohamed Atalla, Monsanto – LED lamp (1968)^[20][21]
• Shuji Nakamura, Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano – blue LED (1992)^[22]

See also[edit]

Lighting Bulb Manager Software

• Fishing light attractor, underwater lights to attract fish
• Lighting control systems, for a buildings or residences
• Three-point lighting, technique used in both still photography and in film

Lists

Lighting Bulb Manager Download

Bibliography[edit]

• Khanna, V.K. (2014). Fundamentals of Solid-State Lighting: LEDs, OLEDs, and Their Applications in Illumination and Displays. Taylor & Francis. pp. 475–488. ISBN978-1-4665-6109-0. Retrieved February 10, 2015.

Further reading[edit]

Lighting Bulb Manager Online

• Association, International Dark-Sky (2012). Fighting Light Pollution: Smart Lighting Solutions for Individuals and Communities. Stackpole Books. ISBN978-0-8117-4564-2.
• Pohl, Klaus; Böckle, Günter; J. van der Linden, Frank (2005). Software Product Line Engineering. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 46. ISBN3540289011.

References[edit]

1. ^Bahga, Arshdeep; Madisetti, Vijay (2014-08-09). Internet of Things: A Hands-On Approach. VPT. p. 50. ISBN978-0-9960255-1-5.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
2. ^Khanna 2014, pp. 475-476.
3. ^Khanna 2014, p. 478.
4. ^Galasiu, A.D.; Newsham, G.R., Energy savings due to occupancy sensors and personal controls: a pilot field study, Lux Europa 2009, 11th European Lighting Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, September 9–11, 2009, pp. 745-752
5. ^ ^abKhanna 2014, p. 476.
6. ^ ^abKhanna 2014, p. 480.
7. ^Khanna 2014, pp. 482-484.
8. ^^{<gwmw>a</gwmw> b c} Li D, Cheung K, Wong S, Lam T. An analysis of energy-efficient light fittings and lighting controls. Applied Energy [serial online]. February 2010;87<gwmw>(</gwmw>2)<gwmw>:</gwmw>558-567, Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA.
9. ^Hung-Liang C, Yung-Hsin H. Design and Implementation of Dimmable Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Lamps Based on Power-Dependent Lamp Model. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. July 2010;38<gwmw>(</gwmw>7)<gwmw>:</gwmw>1644-1650, Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, M
10. ^ ^abBahga, A.; Madisetti, V. (2014). Internet of Things: A Hands-On Approach:. Vpt. p. 50. ISBN978-0-9960255-1-5. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
11. ^ ^abThe energy observer, Energy Efficiency Information for the Facility Manager, Quarterly Issue – December 2007, Occupancy Sensors for Lighting Control
12. ^'Already Efficient, LED Lights Get Smarter'. Martin LaMonica. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
13. ^J. M. Alonso, J. Diaz, <gwmw>C.</gwmw>Blanco, M. Rico, A Smart-<gwmw>Lighting Emergency</gwmw> Ballast for Fluorescent Lamps Based on Microcontroller
14. ^'An Internet Address for Every Light Bulb :: NXP Semiconductors'. Home. 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2015-01-23.
15. ^'Rensselaer Magazine: Winter 2004: Looking Into Light (Page 2)'. rpi.edu. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
16. ^Edison Electric Light Co. <gwmw>vs.</gwmw> United States Electric Lighting Co., Federal Reporter, F1, Vol. 47, 1891, p. 457.
17. ^ ^abGuarnieri, M. (2015). 'Switching the Light: From Chemical to Electrical'(PDF). IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine. 9 (3): 44–47. doi:10.1109/MIE.2015.2454038.
18. ^'John Richardson Wigham 1829–1906'(PDF). BEAM. Commissioners of Irish Lights. 35: 21–22. 2006. Archived from the original(PDF) on 12 March 2012.
19. ^'Inventor of Long-Lasting, Low-Heat Light Source Awarded $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize for Invention'. Washington, D.C. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. April 21, 2004. Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
20. ^Andrews, David L. (2015). Photonics, Volume 3: Photonics Technology and Instrumentation. John Wiley & Sons. p. 2. ISBN9781118225547.
21. ^Borden, Howard C.; Pighini, Gerald P. (February 1969). 'Solid-State Displays'(PDF). Hewlett-Packard Journal: 2–12.
22. ^'The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014'. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize. Retrieved 12 October 2019.

External links[edit]